Major Depression

Major Depression (also called Major Depressive Disorder) is a serious mood disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, and emotional or physical symptoms that interfere with daily life for extended periods of time. It goes beyond normal fluctuations in mood and can affect relationships, work, and overall health.

Source: Mayo Clinic

Key Elements of the Definition

• Nature of the disorder

  • Classified as a mood disorder.

  • Involves persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.

  • Distinguishes itself from temporary sadness or stress.

• Duration and impact

  • Symptoms last weeks or months, not just a few days.

  • They interfere with daily functioning—work, school, relationships, and self-care.

  • Can lead to physical changes such as sleep disturbances, appetite changes, and fatigue.

• Core symptoms

  • Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.

  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.

  • Feelings of guilt or worthlessness.

  • In severe cases, thoughts of death or suicide.

• Causes and risk factors

  • Exact cause is unknown, but linked to chemical changes in the brain.

  • Influenced by genetics, stressful life events, or a combination of both.

  • Some forms are hereditary, while others occur without family history.